210 countries · 2024 data

Historical CO₂ Emissions by Country

CO₂ stays in the atmosphere for centuries, so historical totals matter for warming. Since 1750, the United States has emitted the most fossil CO₂ (435 Gt, 23.5% of the total), followed by China and Russia.

Total emissions ranking → · Emissions per person →

Full ranking

#	Country	Since 1750 (Gt)	Share	2024 (Mt)
1	United States	434.9	23.5%	4,904.1
2	China	285.1	15.4%	12,289.0
3	Russia	122.8	6.6%	1,780.5
4	Germany	95.1	5.1%	572.3
5	United Kingdom	80.1	4.3%	312.9
6	Japan	69.6	3.8%	961.9
7	India	66.1	3.6%	3,193.5
8	France	40.0	2.2%	264.2
9	Canada	35.6	1.9%	533.3
10	Ukraine	31.2	1.7%	142.5
11	Poland	29.0	1.6%	272.9
12	Italy	26.0	1.4%	301.9
13	South Africa	22.8	1.2%	439.8
14	Mexico	22.0	1.2%	461.0
15	Iran	21.8	1.2%	792.6
16	South Korea	20.7	1.1%	583.7
17	Australia	20.0	1.1%	386.7
18	Saudi Arabia	19.0	1.0%	692.1
19	Brazil	18.2	1.0%	483.0
20	Indonesia	17.4	0.9%	812.2
21	Spain	15.7	0.8%	220.3
22	Kazakhstan	14.9	0.8%	287.0
23	Belgium	12.9	0.7%	85.5
24	Turkey	12.9	0.7%	513.0
25	Czechia	12.3	0.7%	75.6
26	Netherlands	12.3	0.7%	114.8
27	Taiwan	10.1	0.6%	262.3
28	Argentina	9.2	0.5%	171.1
29	Romania	8.9	0.5%	68.6
30	Thailand	8.3	0.5%	267.8
31	Venezuela	7.9	0.4%	116.0
32	Egypt	7.5	0.4%	258.4
33	Malaysia	7.0	0.4%	290.2
34	Uzbekistan	6.8	0.4%	139.2
35	United Arab Emirates	5.8	0.3%	222.0
36	Austria	5.8	0.3%	56.4
37	Pakistan	5.7	0.3%	179.8
38	Vietnam	5.7	0.3%	370.9
39	North Korea	5.5	0.3%	62.5
40	Algeria	5.5	0.3%	198.2
41	Iraq	5.4	0.3%	233.6
42	Belarus	5.2	0.3%	55.8
43	Hungary	5.2	0.3%	40.0
44	Sweden	5.1	0.3%	38.1
45	Nigeria	4.7	0.3%	135.8
46	Greece	4.3	0.2%	53.4
47	Denmark	4.2	0.2%	28.4
48	Slovakia	4.0	0.2%	29.1
49	Philippines	4.0	0.2%	174.9
50	Bulgaria	4.0	0.2%	31.6
51	Kuwait	3.9	0.2%	129.5
52	Colombia	3.8	0.2%	92.7
53	Chile	3.3	0.2%	78.7
54	Finland	3.3	0.2%	29.8
55	Switzerland	3.2	0.2%	32.1
56	Serbia	2.9	0.2%	42.0
57	Norway	2.8	0.1%	37.2
58	Portugal	2.8	0.1%	35.5
59	Turkmenistan	2.7	0.1%	81.0
60	Azerbaijan	2.6	0.1%	39.8
61	Israel	2.6	0.1%	52.6
62	Qatar	2.6	0.1%	125.8
63	Libya	2.5	0.1%	65.3
64	Ireland	2.4	0.1%	33.3
65	Singapore	2.2	0.1%	53.9
66	Peru	2.2	0.1%	70.2
67	Syria	2.1	0.1%	31.8
68	Morocco	2.0	0.1%	69.1
69	New Zealand	2.0	0.1%	32.5
70	Bangladesh	2.0	0.1%	108.3
71	Cuba	1.8	0.1%	24.4
72	Hong Kong	1.8	0.1%	33.3
73	Trinidad and Tobago	1.7	0.1%	34.6
74	Oman	1.7	0.1%	82.7
75	Estonia	1.7	0.1%	8.3
76	Lithuania	1.6	0.1%	12.5
77	Ecuador	1.4	0.1%	46.0
78	Moldova	1.4	0.1%	5.3
79	Croatia	1.2	0.1%	18.5
80	Bahrain	1.1	0.1%	39.0
81	Tunisia	1.1	0.1%	32.7
82	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.0	0.1%	19.4
83	Latvia	1.0	0.1%	6.5
84	Slovenia	0.9	0.1%	12.8
85	Kyrgyzstan	0.9	0.1%	11.8
86	Dominican Republic	0.9	0.1%	33.1
87	Mongolia	0.9	0.1%	44.7
88	Zimbabwe	0.8	0.0%	13.7
89	Lebanon	0.8	0.0%	15.7
90	Jordan	0.8	0.0%	23.2
91	Luxembourg	0.8	0.0%	7.0
92	Angola	0.7	0.0%	22.3
93	Myanmar	0.7	0.0%	31.6
94	Yemen	0.7	0.0%	10.1
95	Georgia	0.7	0.0%	11.8
96	Bolivia	0.6	0.0%	28.7
97	Sri Lanka	0.6	0.0%	20.8
98	Kenya	0.6	0.0%	21.2
99	North Macedonia	0.5	0.0%	6.6
100	Curacao	0.5	0.0%	2.3
101	Tajikistan	0.5	0.0%	10.7
102	Sudan	0.5	0.0%	17.8
103	Guatemala	0.5	0.0%	19.9
104	Jamaica	0.5	0.0%	8.4
105	Uruguay	0.5	0.0%	8.0
106	Brunei	0.4	0.0%	12.1
107	Ghana	0.4	0.0%	21.0
108	Armenia	0.4	0.0%	7.4
109	Cote d'Ivoire	0.4	0.0%	14.8
110	Panama	0.4	0.0%	12.7
111	Tanzania	0.3	0.0%	20.0
112	Ethiopia	0.3	0.0%	17.8
113	Cyprus	0.3	0.0%	7.3
114	Honduras	0.3	0.0%	12.9
115	Cameroon	0.3	0.0%	9.6
116	Albania	0.3	0.0%	4.4
117	Gabon	0.3	0.0%	5.4
118	Senegal	0.3	0.0%	14.1
119	Zambia	0.3	0.0%	12.0
120	Costa Rica	0.3	0.0%	8.8
121	El Salvador	0.3	0.0%	9.0
122	Cambodia	0.3	0.0%	21.9
123	Laos	0.2	0.0%	24.4
124	Afghanistan	0.2	0.0%	10.8
125	Democratic Republic of Congo	0.2	0.0%	5.9
126	Nepal	0.2	0.0%	18.8
127	Mozambique	0.2	0.0%	8.6
128	Papua New Guinea	0.2	0.0%	8.3
129	Paraguay	0.2	0.0%	7.9
130	Nicaragua	0.2	0.0%	5.6
131	Congo	0.2	0.0%	8.8
132	Botswana	0.2	0.0%	7.5
133	Bahamas	0.2	0.0%	3.1
134	New Caledonia	0.2	0.0%	5.3
135	Iceland	0.2	0.0%	3.8
136	Equatorial Guinea	0.2	0.0%	7.0
137	Mauritius	0.1	0.0%	4.7
138	Uganda	0.1	0.0%	6.3
139	Suriname	0.1	0.0%	3.0
140	Benin	0.1	0.0%	6.1
141	Montenegro	0.1	0.0%	2.4
142	Guyana	0.1	0.0%	4.5
143	Madagascar	0.1	0.0%	4.5
144	Malta	0.1	0.0%	1.7
145	Guinea	0.1	0.0%	4.0
146	Mali	0.1	0.0%	7.0
147	Mauritania	0.1	0.0%	5.2
148	Burkina Faso	0.1	0.0%	6.5
149	Haiti	0.1	0.0%	3.0
150	Namibia	0.1	0.0%	3.5
151	Palestine	0.1	0.0%	4.8
152	Togo	0.1	0.0%	2.8
153	Aruba	0.1	0.0%	0.9
154	Lesotho	0.1	0.0%	2.6
155	Barbados	0.1	0.0%	1.4
156	Niger	0.1	0.0%	3.2
157	Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0.1	0.0%	0.7
158	Malawi	0.1	0.0%	1.9
159	Macao	0.1	0.0%	1.1
160	Fiji	0.1	0.0%	1.4
161	Liberia	0.1	0.0%	0.9
162	Chad	0.1	0.0%	2.8
163	South Sudan	0.0	0.0%	1.7
164	Eswatini	0.0	0.0%	1.0
165	Sierra Leone	0.0	0.0%	1.4
166	Somalia	0.0	0.0%	1.3
167	Rwanda	0.0	0.0%	2.0
168	French Polynesia	0.0	0.0%	0.9
169	Greenland	0.0	0.0%	0.6
170	Maldives	0.0	0.0%	2.3
171	Faroe Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.7
172	Bermuda	0.0	0.0%	0.6
173	Bhutan	0.0	0.0%	1.7
174	Antigua and Barbuda	0.0	0.0%	0.7
175	Belize	0.0	0.0%	0.8
176	Djibouti	0.0	0.0%	0.6
177	Eritrea	0.0	0.0%	0.7
178	Gambia	0.0	0.0%	0.8
179	Burundi	0.0	0.0%	0.9
180	Cape Verde	0.0	0.0%	0.6
181	Andorra	0.0	0.0%	0.4
182	Seychelles	0.0	0.0%	0.7
183	Saint Lucia	0.0	0.0%	0.5
184	East Timor	0.0	0.0%	0.7
185	Central African Republic	0.0	0.0%	0.4
186	Solomon Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.3
187	Palau	0.0	0.0%	0.2
188	Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba	0.0	0.0%	0.2
189	Grenada	0.0	0.0%	0.4
190	Liechtenstein	0.0	0.0%	0.1
191	Comoros	0.0	0.0%	0.6
192	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.4
193	Guinea-Bissau	0.0	0.0%	0.3
194	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.0	0.0%	0.3
195	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.0	0.0%	0.3
196	Samoa	0.0	0.0%	0.2
197	Vanuatu	0.0	0.0%	0.2
198	British Virgin Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.2
199	Dominica	0.0	0.0%	0.2
200	Tonga	0.0	0.0%	0.2
201	Micronesia	0.0	0.0%	0.2
202	Nauru	0.0	0.0%	0.1
203	Marshall Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.2
204	Anguilla	0.0	0.0%	0.1
205	Sao Tome and Principe	0.0	0.0%	0.1
206	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0.0	0.0%	0.1
207	Cook Islands	0.0	0.0%	0.1
208	Kiribati	0.0	0.0%	0.1
209	Montserrat	0.0	0.0%	0.0
210	Wallis and Futuna	0.0	0.0%	0.0

Questions and answers

Which country has emitted the most CO₂ in history?

The United States has emitted the most fossil CO₂ since 1750: about 435 billion tonnes, 23.5% of the world total. China is second (15.4%) and Russia third (6.6%).

Why do historical emissions matter?

Warming depends on the total amount of CO₂ added to the atmosphere over time, because CO₂ stays there for centuries. That is why the carbon budget for 1.5 °C is expressed as a total, and why historical responsibility is part of climate negotiations.

How concentrated are historical emissions?

Very. The ten largest historical emitters account for about 68% of all fossil CO₂ emitted since 1750.

Do these figures include deforestation?

No. They cover fossil fuels and industry (coal, oil, gas, cement and flaring). Including land-use change would raise the totals of countries with large historical deforestation, such as Brazil and Indonesia.

Data: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project (Global Carbon Budget 2025), CC BY 4.0. Annual figures are fossil-fuel and industry CO₂ for 2024, the latest complete year. Live counters are estimates that assume 2024 emission rates continue. How the counter works →